民营加工贸易企业路在何方？——逆全球化新特点下的应对机制

在逆经济全球化倾向由民间掀起发展为由政府推动的新特点下，双边或区域性自由贸易协定开始肢解以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易和投资全球治理体制。中国代工企业不但要面对国内经济高速发展带来生产要素价格上升使其在国际分工中比较优势下降的压力，而且还要面对因发达国家跨国公司全球价值链进行区域内重新架构后被边缘化和剔除的外部冲击。研究发现，政府深化“放管服”改革优化营商环境与企业家发挥学习、创新、冒险精神是代工企业突破困境的有效手段。一方面，政府可以通过法规政策创新、管理方式创新、融资渠道创新进行制度创新改善企业外部生态系统；另一方面，代工企业经营者也应发挥企业家精神，利用市场机制通过“借鸡下蛋”链内升级、“送旧迎新”跨链转型、“东成西就”域间腾挪策略，苦练内功增强企业国际竞争力。

What is the Way for Private Processing Trade Enterprises?——Coping Mechanism in the New Context of Counter-Globalization

With the development of the anti-economic globalization trend initiated by the private sector as a new feature promoted by the government, bilateral or regional free trade agreements began to dismember the multilateral trade and investment global governance system and rules with the World Trade Organization as the core. China's OEMs not only face the pressure of rising prices of factors of production brought about by the rapid development of domestic economy and the decline of their comparative advantages in international division of labor, but also face the marginalization and exclusion of the global industrial chain and value chain due to the possible intra-regional reorganization of the global industrial chain and value chain of multinational corporations in developed countries. It is found that the combination of policy guidance and market mechanism is an effective means for Chinese export agent enterprises to break through the difficulties they encounter under the new characteristics of anti-economic globalization. On the one hand, the government can improve the enterprise ecosystem through the innovation of laws and policies, management means and financing channels. On the other hand, OEMs should also play an entrepreneurship role and make use of market mechanism to upgrade within the egg-laying chain, send the old to welcome the new, cross-chain transformation, and transfer strategies from east to west. Strengthen the international competitiveness of enterprises by practicing internal skills.