托幼公共服务政策量化评价与优化建议——基于PMC指数模型分析

在全面两孩和未来更宽松的生育政策背景下，国家连续出台政策发展学龄前教育和照护服务，推动托幼公共服务发展。研究发现，政策质量总体较好，完美级2项，优秀级16项，可接受级13项；政策方向明确，已从过去单纯的重视教育逐步转向注重服务。然而，政策内部分化明显，对托幼公共服务供需失衡问题的回应较少。为进一步优化政策，建议：理念先行，通过政策立法明确政府与社会在托幼公共服务中应尽的责任；区别对待，明确0-3岁婴幼儿与3-6岁幼儿的不同政策需求；找准方法，运用资源整合策略为托幼公共服务供需平衡创造有利政策条件；权衡效果，锁定国家对家庭照顾功能的补充特性。

Qualitative Evaluation and Optimization of Public Service Policies for Pre-school Children Aged 0-6 Based on PMC-Index

In the context of Two-Child Policy and a more extensive fertility policy, the state has continuously introduced policies to develop pre-school education and care services for promoting the development of childcare public services. The results show that the subtotal of 31 polices have a good overall performance, of which 2 are perfect, 16 are excellent, and 13 are acceptable.The direction of policy development has gradually shifted the focus from education to service. However, the internal differentiation of the policies is obvious with less response to the current imbalance between the supply and demand of childcare public services. To further optimize the policy, the following suggestions are made: clarify the responsibilities of the government and society in childcare public services by legislation, treat the different policy needs of infants aged 0-3 and children aged 3-6, create favorable policy conditions for the balance of supply and demand of childcare public services by resource integration strategies, and keep the country's complementary characteristics for family care functions.