“套路贷”犯罪罪数认定问题探析

“套路贷”犯罪触犯的基本罪名是诈骗罪。由于“索债”行为的多样性，同时又可能触犯寻衅滋事、强迫交易、敲诈勒索、抢劫或绑架等十余种罪名。认定罪数既要立足于法益保护，坚持全面评价，又要注重人权保障，禁止重复评价，还要符合认知规律，做到整体评价。行为人虚构事实、隐瞒真相，设立虚假债务后，通过滋扰、纠缠、哄闹、聚众造势等非法“索债”，目的行为和手段行为分别触犯不同罪名的，择重罪处罚；通过虚假诉讼非法“索债”的，择重罪从重处罚；通过暴力、胁迫、绑架等直接“索债”的，诈骗行为升级为抢劫、绑架等重度侵财犯罪；在侵财犯罪之外侵害被害人其他法益，构成犯罪的，数罪并罚。

Analysis on the Quantity of Offence of "Fraud Loan"

“Fraud Loan” is a new criminal phenomenon that started to appear recently. Its basic form is fraud, but more than ten types of crimes such as provocation, forced trading, extortion, robbery or kidnapping may be committed just because of the diversity of ways of obtaining property. To identify the number of crimes convicted by “Fraud Loan”, three principles should be adhered to. Firstly, all acts of the perpetrators should be evaluated comprehensively so as to maximize the protection of legal interests. Secondly, it is necessary to prohibit repeated evaluation to protect the human rights of the accused. Thirdly, we should make an overall evaluation to conform to the cognitive regulation. When the act of purpose and means of the perpetrators violate different crimes respectively, the heavier one should be chosen. Those who directly “claim debt” through violence, coercion, kidnapping, etc., are escalated into serious crimes such as robbery and kidnapping. If perpetrators violate other legal interests of the victim in addition to the crime of property, they will also be punished for multiple crimes.