中国古代的故杀

故杀是中国古代法中的一种杀人类型.相对于另外一种古老的杀人类型谋杀,故杀是较晚出现的一个概念.在更早的时期,与故杀接近的概念是贼杀.西晋张斐对"贼"进行了解释,所谓"贼1".是"无变斩击"即突然的力杀人.北魏律中出现了故杀.在唐律中,故杀已经完全取代了贼杀.同时,在中国古代法中,故杀又是与斗杀紧密联系的概念,在我们可以看到的古代律典中,故杀一直与斗杀被规定在同一条文中.唐律从概念上对故杀与斗杀进行了界定,并将"斗而用刃"以及先斗殴、后"绝时而杀"两种情形视为故杀.但是在唐代,故杀与谋杀并没有明确的区分.到了明清时期.故杀的概念发生了很大变化,即明清时期仅以主观意图作为区分斗杀与故杀的根据,所以唐代的"斗而用刃"以及先斗殴、后"绝时而杀"这两种情形也可能被认定为斗杀.此外,明清时期的律学家对故杀与谋杀也进行了准确的区分.

Gu Sha in Ancient China

Gu sha(intentional killing)was a type of homicide in early Chinese law.Relative to mou sha,another type of time-honored homicide,gu sha was relatively a newer concept.However,zei sha,a much earlier type of homicide,bore striking similarity to gu sha conceptually.Zhang Fei,the jurist of the Western Jin Dynasty provided an explanation to "zei".According to him,"zei" was conceptualized as "without any particular ground to hack and strike." The Northern Wei code substituted gu sha for zei sha as a category of h...