缔约接触阶段之利益受领行为的民法规制

对于一方当事人在缔约接触阶段从另一方受领利益，却并未明示同意另一方的交易条件的情形，民法体系中看似分散的各种解决途径在利益衡量层面实际上具有相通的功能。对中国和德国相关法律状况的分析显示，在可能的情况下，法院对规则适用的检索应遵循可推测行为（默示意思表示）———不当得利———缔约过失或侵权行为的顺序，在双方当事人之间依次寻求实现利益共同增进、权属清晰化和固有损失最小化这三个目标。事实合同理论作为行政管制色彩浓厚的另类解决途径，在此类案件中具有替代上述一个或更多制度而发挥相同功能的潜在可能。

Regulations of Civil Law on Receiving Benefits Prior to Conclusion of Contract

In the case that one party concerned receives benefits from the other during contractual ne-gotiations yet without articulating consent to the latter’s transactional terms,there are various solutions in the civil law system though disperse yet sharing similar functions in balance of interests. Based on comparative analyses of Chinese and German law,it is suggested that searches for application of law by courts should fol-low the order of predictable conducts( implied declaration of intention) -unlust enrichment-negligence of contract conclusion or torts. Between parties concerned,three oblectives should be pursued accordingly of accomplishing common interests,clarification of rights and minimization of inherent losses. As an alternative solution with administrative regulatory features,the factual contract theory can perform similar functions to replace the above one or more rules.