作为法官裁量问题的“相当损害额”——以日本《民事诉讼法》第248条的适用为中心

1996年日本《民事诉讼法》新设第248条规定,在认定已发生损害的场合,因损害的性质对其金额的举证极其困难时,法院可以基于口头辩论的全部内容以及证据调查的结果,认定相当损害额。实体法层面上的损害观念是该项规定的前提,而作为该损害观念的损害事实说否定了差额说,并认为应将从金钱评估中分离出的事实作为损失。在介绍有关该条的学说以及适用该条的裁判例的基础上,对该条在日本所起到的作用进行说明,并起到他山之石之效是十分必要的。

The "Commensurate Amount for Damages" under the Judge's Discretion——Centered on Application of Article 248 in Japanese Civil Procedure Law

The Article 248 of Japanese Civil Procedure Law which was added in 1996 stipulates that in the case of identified damages, where the nature and compensation amount of damages are extremely difficult to prove, the court can confirm a commensurate amount for damages based on all the parties＇ oral defense and investigations of evidence. The concept of damages in the substantive law is the premise of this regulation, in which the theory on the fact of damages has denied the doctrine of balance of amount, and the fact itself should be separated from monetary evaluation as losses. this Article, the paper also aims to explicate the for our country. Besides introducing theories and case judgment pertinent to applicable effect of this Article in Japan for taking reference