韩国养老保险制度的发展、特点、问题及与中国的比较分析

韩国的社会养老保险制度是从 2 0世纪 70年代开始建立的 ,80年代养老金的覆盖范围得到扩大 ,90年代后期开始进行了一系列改革。韩国的社会养老保险制度是一种缴费制的社会保险方案 ,由国家承担最后担保的责任。韩国的国民养老金覆盖率明显高于中国 ;韩国老年人的社会经济保障收入来源是多渠道的 ,中国应该向多渠道的社会保障途径发展。但是 ,韩国养老基金的来源也受到了挑战 ,社会保障费用迅速上升给韩国的企业造成了很大的负担 ,社会保障正遭遇财政危机 ,这是我国需要汲取的教训。

The Development, Feature, and the Problems of the Insurance of Retirement of the South Korea and the Comparison with China

In South Korea, social pension system was founded in 1970s, was expanded in 1980s, and reformed in the late of 1990s. The system is a program contributed by working people, and is financially supported by the government in an assuring role. The overlay ratio of South Korean pension is much higher than that of Chinese. The fund of Korean pension comes from multiple channels, from which,as a valuable measure,China should take it as a reference. But South Korea has met serious challenge of the resource for pension. The expanding of the social welfare has given great burdens on enterprises in South Korea. South Korea's social welfare is facing financial crises that should be kept eye on by China.