跨区流域生态补偿如何实现横向协同?——基于13个流域生态补偿案例的定性比较分析

【问题】流动的水资源与相对固定的区域分割形成一个治理难题,跨区流域生态补偿面临犬牙交错的权责关系。在此背景下,如何实现跨域政府间联防联治、构建全流域共同治理机制?本文试图探究如下问题:影响跨区流域生态补偿横向协同效果的因素有哪些?流域生态补偿协同治理的作用路径是什么?【方法】本研究构建了影响跨区流域生态补偿横向协同效果的动力模型,以建立跨区流域生态补偿协同治理机制的13个流域试点为案例,以地方统计年鉴、生态环境部门公开数据和政策文本等资料为数据来源,使用模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)对数据进行分析。【发现】fsQCA条件组态分析发现实现跨区流域横向协同的两个条件组合路径:(1)跨区流域生态补偿横向协同效果=强政治势能*政策环境支持;(2)跨区流域生态补偿横向协同效果=弱组织支撑*地区经济差异*政策环境支持。两条路径总覆盖率约为72%,表示这两个组合能够解释大多数案例,是促进跨区流域生态补偿横向协同的典型组合。【贡献】研究发现了实现跨区流域生态补偿横向协同的两条路径:“高位主导”型协同路径和“辐射带动”型协同路径。因此,进一步优化我国跨区流域生态补偿协同治理机制应从差异化治理入手,完善跨区流域机制协同,构建横向自主协同新路径,全面提升流域—区域联动治理水平。

How to Achieve Horizontal Coordination of Cross-regional River Basin Ecological Compensation--A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 13 Watershed Ecological Compensation Cases

Motivation:The mobility of water resources and relatively fixed regional segmentation lead to governance problems.Cross-regional watershed ecological compensation schemes must contend with crisscrossed power and responsibility relationships.In this context,cross-regional joint prevention and governance between governments is required to build a common governance mechanism for an entire river basin.To do so,what are the factors that affect the horizontal synergy of cross-regional watershed ecological compensation?What is the path of the coordinated governance of ecological compensation in a river basin?Methodology:Using a dynamic model of the horizontal synergy of cross-regional ecological compensation,this study observed 13 watershed projects that sought to establish a cross-regional compensation coordinated governance mechanism.Using local statistical yearbooks,public data,and the policy texts of the ecological environment department as data sources,we used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)for data analysis.Findings:There are two conditional combination paths to achieve cross-regional watershed horizontal coordination according to our fsQCA conditional configuration analysis:(1)Horizontal synergy effect of cross-regional watershed ecological compensation=strong political potential*policy support;(2)Horizontal synergy effect of cross-regional watershed ecological compensation=weak organizational support*regional economic differences*policy support.The total coverage of the two paths is about 72%,indicating these two combinations can explain most of the cases,and are typical models that promote cross-regional ecological compensation and horizontal coordination.Contribution:We found two paths to realizing the horizontal coordination of cross-regional watershed ecological compensation:the“power-oriented”collaborative path and the“radiation-driven”collaborative path.To further optimize the coordination of cross-regional river basin ecological compensation in China,we should pay attention to differentiated governance,improve the coordination of cross-regional watershed mechanisms,and explore new paths of horizontal autonomous coordination while improving river basin-regional governance.