细事细治 ——基层网格化中的科层化精细治理与社会修复

【问题】国家治理体系的落地需要微观治理机制的完善。网格化是近些年发展出的一种重要基层治理机制。然而,谁在治理,怎样治理,治理什么?网格化治理体现了什么样的治理逻辑,又有何种后果?这些问题在文献中并没有系统答案。【方法】本文从治理主体、治理方式、治理内容三个角度,采取内容分析法,对广州市某区2013年1-3月网格化服务管理信息系统登记的2091起事件进行研究。【发现】首先,科层化精细治理:网格化服务管理通过设置网格和购买网格员服务的方式,使得国家科层制组织体系延伸到比社区还要微观的基层社会领域,直接处理日常社会中的“细事”。其次,社会修复效应:网格化服务管理是在社会的日常自我修复能力不足的情况下,国家改革基层以“官进民退”促进基层社会修复的一项制度安排。因此,抑制国家权力过度介入基层日常社会事务需要社会自身提升“日常社会修复”能力。【贡献】本文尝试立足基层治理内容探究国家治理与社会发展的逻辑,以“治理什么”视角拓展国家治理研究视域,以“社会修复”范畴丰富“社会秩序何以可能”问题的研究范式。

Fine Affairs,Fine Governance:Bureaucratic Fine Governance and Social Repair in Grassroots Grid

Motivation:The implementation of a national governance system requires improvement of the micro-governance mechanism.Although Grid is an important grassroots governance mechanism,fundamental questions—who governs,how do they govern,and what do they govern,what are the Grid's governance logic and consequences,remain unknown.Previous studies provide no systematic answers to these questions.Methodology:Taking 2091 events registered in grid service management information system in a district of Guangzhou from January to March 2013,this paper analyzes them using the content analysis method from three perspectives:governance subject,governance mode,and governance content.Findings:Firstly,regarding bureaucratic fine governance,by setting up the grid and purchasing grid member services,grid service management extended the national hierarchical organization system into the grassroots.And,it dealt directly with the“details”of daily life.Secondly,in terms of social repair effect,grid service management became an institutional arrangement by which the state could reform the governance system.It was able to implement a“government promotion and civilian retirement”within the grassroots society.This allowed for social rehabilitation despite the insufficiency of societal self-repair.Therefore,in order to avoid excessive state intervention in grassroots social affairs,society must improve its ability to affect“daily social repair”.Contribution:This paper explores the logic of national governance and social development by observing the content of grass-roots governance.This expands the research horizon of national governance from the perspective of“what to govern”and enriches the research paradigm of“how to make the social order possible”within the category of“social repair”.