论伯林的自由观——从两种自由概念谈起

伯林提出了“积极自由”与“消极自由”的著名区分。在深刻剖析了三种不同类型的积极自由观和二十世纪极权主义的逻辑联系的基础上,伯林认为消极自由观是“机会”、“能够”、“可能性”取向的自由观,以区别于“必须”、“应该”取向的积极自由观。但伯林的剔除了自主概念的消极自由观也蕴含了内在的危机。

On Berlin's Liberty: From the Point of Two Liberty Concepts

It is Berlin who makes a famous differentiation between "negative liberty" and "positive liberty." On the analysis of logical connections between three positive liberties and totalitarianism in the 20th century,Berlin concludes that negative liberty is the concept of freedom that means "you can,you are able or have opportunity to do something," while positive liberty means "you should or must do something." But Berlin's negative liberty,which dispels the meaning of self-control,has its inherent contradictions.