农村社区民主自治的条件和机制

对北京市远近郊区五个农村社区村委会的调研说明,经济发展和民主意识是村民自治的基础条件。经济层面主要在于集体经济所有制、农村集体经济的发展和农村股份合作制改革三个方面,经济的独立性决定了村民自治的必要性;意识层面则由于农村土地制度和农民的生产方式、二元化的户籍制度和农村社会保障体系的建立,使村民在心理上具有强烈的自治意识和要求,村民自治的组织体制和运作机制包括静态和动态两个方面,前者指村民自治的组织体系,后者则是以“四个民主”为基础的村民自治运行机制。

Conditions and Mechanism of Democratic Autonomy in Rural Community

The survey of village committees of five rural communities in the suburbs of Beijing shows that economic development and democratic consciousness are essential to villager autonomy.Economic development involves the ownership of collective economy,development of rural collective economy and reform of rural stock cooperation system.Economic independence determines the necessity of villager autonomy.As to democratic consciousness,villagers have a strong consciousness and demand of autonomy with the establishment of rural land system,farmers' means of production,dual household registration system and rural social security system.The organizational system and operational mechanism of villager autonomy include both stationary and dynamic parts,the former referring to the organizational system,while the latter operational mechanism on the basis of "four democracies".