论犯罪构成对证明责任分配的影响——兼论我国犯罪构成的完善

由于推定具有转移证明责任的功能,因此,自犯罪构成推定功能产生之后,部分要件的证明责任转移给了被告人.这就意味着被告人一旦证明不能,就要承担败诉风险,这显然与无罪推定原则相悖.为了解决这一矛盾,证明责任开始分化为提供证据责任与说服责任.其中,推定转移给被告人的仅仅是提供证据责任,而并不转移说服责任.我国犯罪构成由积极要件构成,缺乏消极要件,从而造成推定机能丧失.为此,需要将违法性要件纳入犯罪构成,以恢复其对证明责任的分配功能.

The Influence of the Constitution of Crime on the Allotment of the Burden of Proof——The perfection of our constitution of crimes

Because the presumption has the function of transferring the burden of proof,since the constitution of crime had the function of presumption,the burden of proof on some elements has transferred to the accused.It means that the accused will lose in lawsuit if he cannot prove the related elements,which obviously disobeys the presumption of innocence.In order to resolve the above contradiction,the burden of proof was divided into the burden of producing evidence and the burden of persuasion.The presumption has transferred only the burden of producing evidence,not the burden of persuasion.The constitution of crimes in our country makes up of the positive elements and lacks negative elements,which makes the function of presumption lost.So we should bring the element of illegality into the constitution of crime to retrieve the allotment function of the burden of proof.