试论医疗机构及其医务人员的伦理困境与法律对策——以法定医疗伦理损害责任为背景

在医疗伦理损害责任背景下,医疗机构及其医务人员在具体履行医疗告知义务时、患者(特定情况下其近亲属)知情不同意时、以及面临具体法之局限性时,常常陷于对患者的知情权、生命健康权、自主决定权、乃至自身的法律责任风险进行个人抉择的伦理困境。尽管导致伦理困境的原因是多方面的,但从法律视角来看,制定明确、规范的医疗伦理行为指引,建立解决医疗伦理困境的常设机构,健全医疗风险规避、医疗社会保障和医疗伦理督察制度,应是现实可行的应对之策。

On the medical institutions and workers ethics’ dilemmas and legal countermeasures——under the background of medical ehtics’ injure liability

Under the medical ethics’ liability,The individual choices of patients’ informed rights,life and health rights,independent decision-making rights,and personal legal liability risk,usually make medical institutions and medical workers sink into medical ethics’ dilemmas.When they fulfil inform obligitions,or face the patient treatment refusal,face the limitation of the law.But,from the legal perspective,It’s effective countermeares to develop clear ethical behavior guidelines,establish insitutions for soluting medical ethics trouble,sound systems for medical risk aversion,social medical care,and medical ethics supervision.