搜查与隐私权保护——加拿大宪法与美国宪法第4修正案之比较

<加拿大权利与自由宪章>第8条赋予了公民反对不合理的搜查和扣押的权利.与美国宪法第4修正案的发展历程类似,经由加拿大最高法院的判例解释,<宪章>第8条确立了隐私权的宪法保护.基于对美国宪法判例的批判和借鉴,<宪章>第8条下的隐私权在判断标准、保护范围方面体现了本国特色.第8条下隐私权具备的丰富内涵,不仅得益于加拿大最高法院确立的隐私权旨在促进的诸项基本价值,也与加拿大较为宽泛的非法证据排除规则有关.

Search and Protection of Privacy Right:A Comparison between Canadian Charter and Fourth Amendment of US Constitution

Article 8 of Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms endows citizens with the right against unreasonable search and seizure.Similar to the development of the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States,Article 8 of the Charter establishes the constitutional protection for right to privacy in case of searches.On the basis of criticism and drawing on the experiences of American constitutional cases,right to privacy contained in Article 8 of the Canadian Charter has reflected Canadian characteristics in respects of both criterion of judgment and extent of protection for right to privacy.According to Article 8,right to privacy has a rich connotation,which is not only benefited from basic values promoted by right to privacy established by the Canadian Supreme Court,but also has something to do with the broadly-defined rule of exclusion of illegal evidence.