讼师与律师:基于12至13世纪的中英两国之间的一种比较

英国著名法律史学家梅特兰曾经断言:12世纪是"一个法律的世纪"。以此为参照标准,12至13世纪的中英两国均可谓处于这一状态。然而,作为法制发展进程中一个重要的标志,法律职业共同体(法官和律师)在此时的英国初步形成,但是,在当时许多方面处于领先地位的中国,何以未能产生出英国意义上的律师?笔者认为,中国古代君主过于绝对的权力以及与之相关的法律工具主义的观念和对于无讼的追求等是导致上述现象出现的主要原因。

Legal Pettifogger and Lawyer:a Comparison of China and England during 12th and 13th Century

The well-known British legal historian Maitland once said:The 12th is A legal century. Taking this remark as a standard,in a broad sense,we might say that both China and England were in this situation. However,as an important sign in the development of legality,the legal community (judges and lawyers) emerged in England thus assuming a great difference between China almost at the same period. So the main concern of this paper is:Why lawyers did not turn up in China when this country was advanced in so many ...