应对挑战与积极外交:2019年俄罗斯的内外政策

普京开启总统第四任期以来,俄罗斯面临政治稳定的挑战与经济增长的压力。2019年,在政治领域,普京直面政权党"统一俄罗斯"党在2018年地方选举中受挫的现实和普京民意趋势走低的挑战,在治国理念上从官方层面倡导"普京主义",并坚决抵制西方政治干预,确保在2019年地方选举中基本完成预定目标,维持了政治稳定的局面。在经济领域,面对经济停滞不前和民生水平下滑引发民心思变的社会情绪,普京治下的俄罗斯曾寄希望于"突破性发展"战略的有效推进,但由于经济结构、投资水平、劳动力人口等因素的影响,俄罗斯的经济发展成效有限。在外交领域,着眼于国家利益,俄罗斯对外政策的主要目标依然是深化欧亚地区一体化进程,管控与西方矛盾,采取了一系列积极外交举措。2019年,中俄关系继续向好,稳中有进,中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系进入新时代。总体看,俄罗斯国家特质呈现动态均衡性的特点,但发展面临的挑战依然存在。

Russia’s Domestic and Foreign Policies in 2019: Meeting Challenges and Active Diplomacy

Since Putin began his fourth term as President, Russia has faced the challenge of political stability and the pressure of economic growth. In 2019, Putin’s Russia faced with two challenges: the ruling United Russia party suffered a setback in local elections in 2018 and Putin’s poll trended lower. On the ruling concepts, "Putin Doctrine" was advocated officially, resolutely resisting western political intervention, ensuring the targets are basically met in the 2019 local elections, maintaining political stability. In domestic economy, In the face of the changing mood caused by the economic stagnation and the decline of people’s livelihood, the Russian government had hoped for an effective promotion of the "breakthrough development" strategy, but Russia’s economic development has limited results due to the economic structure, investment level, labor force and other factors. In diplomacy, the main goal of Russia’s foreign policy is still to deepen the integration process of Eurasia, manage and control the contradiction with the West. In 2019, China-Russia relations continued to improve with steady progress, and the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination entered a new era. On the whole, Russia’s country-specific idiosyncrasy showed the dynamic equilibrium, but development challenges remain.