Examining Temporal Associations Between School Connectedness and Early Adolescent Adjustment |
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Authors: | Alexandra Loukas Ken G Ripperger-Suhler Karissa D Horton |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA |
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Abstract: | This study examined (a) the associations between school connectedness and early adolescent adjustment problems over a 1 year
period and (b) the equivalence of these associations across gender. Five hundred middle school students (53.4% female), initially
in the 6th and 7th grades, participated in the two-wave study. Results from two-group cross-lagged panel analyses were consistent
across boys’ and girls’ data. After controlling for baseline levels of adjustment problems, school connectedness predicted
lower levels of early adolescent conduct problems 1 year later. Regarding the opposite direction of associations, and even
after baseline levels of school connectedness were taken into account, conduct problems predicted lower levels of subsequent
school connectedness. There were no cross-lagged associations between depressive symptoms and school connectedness, although
elevated levels of baseline depressive symptoms predicted higher levels of subsequent conduct problems. Findings elaborate
previous research by demonstrating that early adolescents actively shape the middle school environment.
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Keywords: | Conduct problems Depressive symptoms Early adolescence Path analysis School connectedness Social control theory |
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