试论日本武士家训形成及其影响——以中日两国家族制度和家训的差异为视角

日本武士家训是日本齐家、治国安邦之训的源泉。由于中日两国家族制度的不同,导致两国在选拔人才以及用人模式上形成显著差异。伴随武士阶层统治地位的巩固和深入,促成了浓缩和凝聚日本民族性格息息相关的武士家训的产生。日本武士家训源于中国并在日本扎根,经与神佛文化相结合,通过家训的创造者对个体在社会生活中的经验总结,制定出具有简洁、通俗、真实可信特点的,能够影响和制约家族成员思想意识和行为规范的家训。经武士家训在不同历史时期的创造和重构以及在其他阶层的广泛延伸,最终成为奴役日本民族性格和精神的工具,作用于近、现代日本民族强国之途的全过程。

On the Shaping of Japanese Samurai Family Precepts and Its Influence——from the Perspective of the Dissimilarities between Chinese and Japanese Family Structures and Precepts

Japanese samurai family precepts are the source of household management, state administration, and peace assurance. The dissimilarities between Chinese and Japanese Family structures lead to the prominent difference in the talents selection and personnel placement systems of the two countries. When the samurai class takes the ruling position and prevails in Japan, samurai family precepts come into being and form an indispensable part of the character of Japanese nationality. Stemming from China and taking root in Japan, Japanese samurai family precepts abstract Buddhism and theological culture. Through summarizing their personal experiences in social life, the founder lay down a series of concise, simple and convincing rules which would influence and regulate the consciousness and behavior of the family members. The samurai family precepts revive, extend and reconstruct consistently in different historical stages, and finally become the tool of enslaving the Japanese people in the whole process of contemporary and modern Japanese rejuvenation.