美国州法院统一预算体制及其借鉴——以法院预算过程的内部组织为重点

1970年代以来,美国州法院体系逐步确立了理性、集中的预算管理体制.在法院经费管理领域导入科层模型的原因是多元的,既包括一些改革者意识到的优点,也包括一个可能并未充分意识到的制度环境.针对科层化的预算管理体制可能产生的缺陷,美国州法院体系采取了一系列的应对措施,这些措施的核心是创建一个可以吸引法院体系内部和外部的个人和机构共同参与的治理结构.美国州法院统一预算体制对于我国当前正在开展的法院经费保障体制改革具有两个方面的借鉴意义.

Unitary Budgeting System of State Courts in U.S.

Since 1970s,the U.S.system of state courts has gradually established a rational and centralized budgeting administration system.There are multiple causes leading to the introduction of hierarchy model into the system of financing administration of court,which incorporates not only advantages realized by reformers,but also an institutional environment not fully realized yet.Taking into consideration the defects that may crop up in hierarchy model of budgeting administration system,a number of measures have been taken by system of state courts in response,aiming at creating an improvement structure that can attract individuals and organizations both from inside and outside of court system to participate in the budgeting administration process.The unitary budgeting system of US state courts may provide us with some experiences in the reform of system of funds safeguard of court presently carried out in China.