论欧洲和非洲人权保护制度对国际法主体理论的挑战

根据传统的国际法理论 ,国家是国际法的唯一主体。现代国际法理论则认为 ,享有国际法主体资格的只能是国家和政府间国际组织以及正在争取独立的民族 ,长期以来 ,个人和非政府组织一直被排除在国际法主体范围之外。但实践中 ,区域性人权保护制度特别是欧洲和非洲人权保护制度已逐渐发展到赋予个人和非政府组织以国际法主体地位 ,这就对国际法主体理论提出了挑战。欧洲和非洲人权保护制度对个人和非政府组织有关国际法地位的规定 ,应当被视为国际法的发展

A challenge to principal part of international law theory from European and African human rights protection system

According to traditional international law theory, country is the only principal part of international law. Modern international theory regards the only thing that has the qualification of principal part of international law as country and inter government international organization and the nationalities which are fighting for independence. Over a long period of time, individuals and non-governmental organization are always excluded out of the scope of principal part of international law. In practice, however, regional human rights protection system, especially European and African human rights protection system has been well developed, i.e. giving the status of principal part of international law to individuals and non governmental. This is a challenge to the principal part of international law theory. The rules of European and African human rights protection system for individuals and non-governmental organization concerned with international law status should be deemed to be a development of international law