WTO与中国行政法制度改革的几个关键问题

我国加入世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ），必将对国内法律制度产生深远的影响。这种影响不仅仅涉及贸易、投资等经济法律制度领域，而且涉及规范政府权力的公法制度。本文认为：就本质上看，ＷＴＯ协议是一种契约，目的是约束各成员方政府将其贸易政策限定在一定范围内，从而建立一种鼓励公平与自由竞争的多边贸易体制。因此，ＷＴＯ协议直接对政府行为提出了要求。这些要求集中表现为ＷＴＯ协议所规定的“国民待遇原则”、“透明度原则”、“法律统一实施原则”、“行政公平原则”以及“对行政行为的监督审查原则”等方面。我们需要根据上述原则的要求，对规范政府行为的宪法和行政法制度进行相应的改革。ＷＴＯ背景下行政法制度的改革，对我国行政法学的发展既是一个挑战，又是一种机遇。

WTO and Several Key Issues of China's Administrative Law Reform

China's Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) is to have significant impact upon its legal system, which extends not only to fields such as trade, investment and other economic activities, but also to the field of public law that regulates administrative power. This article suggests that the intent of WTO requirements, which in essence are contract, is to bind trade policies of its member parties within agreed boundary, so as to establish a multilateral trade regime that encourages fair and open competition. In this sense, WTO imposes requirements directly upon governments of its member nations. Such requirements are spelled out through a series of principles including national treatment, transparency, uniform law enforcement, fair administration, and review of administrative actions. To fulfill China's commitments to these requirements, particular attention must be given to reforms of some key aspects in Chin's administrative law system.