基于空间与时间维度的农村生活方式现代化路径研究

生活方式由生产方式决定,农村生活方式的现代化应与农村产业特征相适应,但也离不开一定程度的现代化基础设施与公共服务的支撑。目前,农村基础设施与公共服务缺口较大,建设和维护所需巨额投入与投入能力不足之间存在较大矛盾。农村基础设施与公共服务建设不能忽视一个客观趋势——农村人口持续向城市转移,对农村生活条件现代化建设有真实需求的人口数量持续下降。从空间维度看,优化农村空间结构、通过人口适度集聚缩小建设空间范围、提高投入效率是农村生活方式现代化必由之路。从时间维度看,农村人口向城镇转移是一个渐进过程,农村生活方式现代化不可能一蹴而就,短期内通过大范围"合村并居"等形式快速推进农村人口集聚的社会条件尚不成熟。当前推进农村生活方式现代化应有战略定力,根据不同村庄的区位、禀赋与发展趋势分类推进,"保底"与"集聚提升"并重。

Research on the Route of Rural Lifestyle Modernization Based on Space and Time Dimensions

The way of life is determined by the mode of production.The modernization of rural life style should adapt to the characteristics of rural industry,but it can not be separated from the support of modern infrastructure and public service to a certain extent.There is a large gap between rural infrastructure and public services,and also a big contradiction between the huge investment required for construction and maintenance and insufficient investment capacity.Rural infrastructure and public service construction can not ignore an objective trend:the rural population continues to transfer to the city,so the number of people with real demand for the modernization of rural living conditions continues to decline.From a spatial perspective,optimizing the rural spatial structure,narrowing the construction space by moderate population agglomeration and improving the efficiency of input is the only way to modernize rural lifestyles.From the perspective of time,the transfer of rural population to urban areas is a gradual process.The social conditions for rapid promotion of rural population agglomeration are not yet mature.The modernization of rural lifestyles should be based on the location,endowment and development trend of different villages and both"guaranteeing the bottom"and"agglomeration improvement"should be emphasized.