轻罪重判国家赔偿责任的证立及其类型化

刑事审判实践中,对于轻罪重判是否赔偿,处理结果不一,原因在于对《国家赔偿法》第17条第(三)项以及最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于办理刑事赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第6条的不同理解。轻罪重判是对权利的侵害,在加强人权司法保障、强化权力运行制约监督的时代背景下,应该对《国家赔偿法》立法原意予以检讨,对轻罪重判的被告人予以赔偿。制度操作上,可以将轻罪重判的赔偿分为管制的赔偿、有期徒刑改判较短期限的赔偿、重判死刑且已执行的赔偿以及轻罪重判附加刑的赔偿,在此类型化区分的基础上对赔偿的项目、赔偿的方式以及计算标准进行设计。

The Justification and Categorization of the State Compensation Obligation in the Severe Punishment for Misdemeanors

Due to the different understandings between paragraph 3 of article 17 of the State Compensation Law and article 6 of the Interpretation of Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Compensation Cases enacted by the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the result of whether a ‘severe punishment for misdemeanors’ case can get reasonable compensation varies during the practice of criminal justice. In the case of reinforcing the judicial protection of human rights and strengthening the control of power operation, the severe punishment for misdemeanors is aggression for human rights. Therefore, we should review the original intent of the legislation and compensate the defendants for their damages caused by unreasonable judgment. Institutionally, compensation for those who got severe punishment for misdemeanors can be divided into four types: compensation for public surveillance, compensation for the reduction of fixed-term imprisonment, compensation for the executed death penalty, and compensation for accessory punishment. We can set limits on compensation items, ways and calculation standards based on these categories.