论道德教育中的爱感生成——对中西人性体认的再思

德性"自盈"是中国文化对个体自我体认的最基本的评语.而一切人生理想的诉求都集中于自我德行的外溢,这就造成了中国文化对人性自我意识的过分乐观.因此,这种基于德感意识的人性体认,缺乏追寻彼岸超越精神的动力,也带来了个体精神生活的乐感取向,从而导致了道德泛化和去道德化等诸多道德教育困境;而对人性体认建立在罪感基础上的西方文化,却孕育了具有超越之爱感的道德教育.所以,中国道德教育必须从狭隘的本土化思维框架中走出来,通过再思中西不同的人性体认,促进爱感的生成,承担培养爱者的使命.

A Study on the Formation of Love-consciousness in Moral Education: Revisiting the Western and Chinese Experiences of Human Nature

In Chinese culture, self-sufficiency in morality is the fundamental evaluation on self-experiences of individual. The ideal way of life is compared to a natural overflow of that self-trained morality. As such, in Chinese culture there is a kind of over-optimism about human nature on self-controlled consciousness, so that it lacks the motivation of seeking for a transcental spirit which is beyond the worldly one, and it also effects a happiness-orien- ted tendency in spiritual life. This concept of self-sufficiency in morality resulted in the dilemma of exudes-morality and de-morality. Comparatively, the western culture based their self-consciousness on the sin-awareness, which is a seedbed for breeding a kind of moral education, underlying which is the transcendental love. Therefore, the Chinese moral education must come out of its narrow-confined indigenous frame. Through re-thinking the different evaluations on human nature in both western and Chinese culture, we, as educators, may be able to promote the loveconsciousness and undertake the mission of cultivating citizens with loving hearts.