颅骨骨折断面细微结构的观察研究

作者利用扫描电子显微镜,对颅骨骨折断面上微细结构的形态学特征进行了观察与研究,发现在颅骨骨折断面上有微细的骨折裂线,向断面深部的骨质中延伸,其宽度为5至100um不等,主要分布在颅骨外板内,或外板与板障的交界处.分布于板障内的微细裂线可造成骨小梁横行、纵行和螺旋形骨折.骨折时,骨基质中的胶原纤维束可被分离或断裂,各胶原纤维层可分开.骨内血管可被骨折裂线横断或纵形撕裂,损伤的血管可被从哈佛氏管中拉出.生前骨折时,在微细裂线的深方可清楚见到纤维蛋白网和红细胞相互粘集,死后骨折则未见到此现象.本文还探讨了颅骨骨折发生的机理和推断生前骨折的可能性.

STUDY ON THE MICROSTRUCTURES OF SKULL FRACTURE

Having collected the skull of a fallen adult victim,and made artificial fractures on an autopsled adult skull as well as on two living dog skulls,we observed the edges of skull fractures under the scanning electron microscope in order to find out the submicroscopic morphologic features of skull fractures aiming at elucidating the mechanism of fracture,and differentiating ante-from post-mortem fractures.Many microfractures were found along the main fracture lines,they extended into the interior of the skull. The width of the microfractures varied from 5 to 100μm.Some of them were located in the external compact bone and some between the outer compact bone and diploe. The rest were found in the diploe in the form of transverse,longitudinal or spiral fractures of bony trabeculae.Collagenous fibre bunches embeded in the bony matrix were broken and separated. The blood vessels inside the skull were crosscut or longitudinary torn by the fracture lines. Sometimes the torn blood vessels were pulled out of the Harversian canals.In antemortem fractures as a results of hemorrhage, there were not only blood clot on the edges of the broken skull, but also hemorrhage into the microfractures. The fibrin networks and red blood cells were easily found in the depths of these cracks.A deductive mechanism of formation of the microfractures and the possibility of differentiation between ante-and post-mortem fractures are discussed.