美国国家安全战略的思想根源

战略观念与战略思维是影响国家战略行为的深层因素。美国在成长为超级大国的历史进程中,逐步形成了自身独特的战略安全观念与战略思维方式。综合考察战后以来尤其是冷战期间美国国家安全战略的缔造与实施过程,可以看出,美国战略安全观念与战略思维方式有几个近乎一以贯之的显著特点:立足"最坏假设",强调实力地位,保持技术优势,偏重军事手段,追求绝对安全,维持全球霸权,秉持道德普遍主义和意识形态优越论。其中,物质与精神并重,权力尤其武力手段与道德、意识形态旗帜并举,是最具美国特色的战略思想。这些思想特征构成美国安全战略的深层脉络,在战略实践中起起落落但从未销声匿迹。这些思想观念所塑造的全球战略既成就了美国的超强地位,也造成了美国霸权的困境,是理解当前和未来美国国家安全战略的重要历史与思想线索。

On the Intellectual Roots of American National Security Strategy

Through a comprehensive review of the process of the creation and implementation of the post-war U.S.national security strategy,this article shows that the U.S.strategic security concept and mode of thinking have several characteristics.These characteristics include the"worst-case hypothesis,"emphasizing the position of strength,maintaining technological superiority,laying particular stress on military means,pursuing absolute security,maintaining global hegemony,and upholding moral universalism and ideological superiority.This article suggests that paying equal attention to material and spiritual elements and using military force and moral-ideological banner simultaneously are the most salient characteristics of America’s strategic thinking.These intellectual characteristics constitute the deep vein of the U.S.security strategy.The U.S.global strategy shaped by these ideas not only helps achieve the superpower position of the United States but also creates a dilemma for American hegemony.