我国民事强制执行模式变革论——以回应当事人“执行难”责难为归宿

执行案件从制约其权利实现程度的客观因素看,可分为＂执行不了＂、＂执行得了＂两类案件。以权利实现为本位的现行民事强制执行模式,由于未能对不同类型案件采取不同目标定位和应对措施,在相当程度上不能有效回应当事人对法院＂执行难＂的责难。而＂程序公正在先＂之执行思路却显得过于激进。为此,在民事强制执行模式改革上,探索＂权利实现与程序公正并重＂之混合式执行模式,对不同案件不同对待：对＂执行不了＂类案件,强化程序公正、突出执行服务理念,强调以＂理＂服人来化解申请执行人对权利未能实现的不满与怨言;对＂执行得了＂类案件,强化实体公正、突出执行威慑力、强制力,强调以＂力＂服人来迫使被执行人履行义务而实现申请执行人的权利。

Research on the Reformation of Civil Execution Model of China——In responsing to the parties blaming for ＂civil execution difficulty＂

According to objective factors which constrain the right realization,the civil execution cases can be divided into two types,i.e. ＂Unenforceable＂ and ＂Forcible Execution＂. Due to the failure of adopting different target positioning and response measures to different types of cases,the civil execution model based on the right realization can not effectively respond to the parties＇ blaming for ＂civil execution difficulty＂. However,the civil execution model thread ＂priority of procedural justice＂ seems too radical. Therefore,during the process of reformation of civil execution model,we should explore hybrid-type execution model which lays equal emphasis on both right realization and procedure justice,treat differently to different cases：for the unenforceable cases,we should put emphasis on procedure justice and highlight service tenet,try to convince people by reasoning and resolve applicants＇ dissatisfaction and complaints; for the forcible cases,we should put emphasis on substantive justice,highlight deterrent force and coercive power,try to compel person subject to enforcement to fulfill their obligations by force,so as to realize the applicants＇ rights.