犯罪着手的教义学重述:学说对决、命题重证与具体解答

形式客观说并未丢弃实质,故其本为形式与实质相结合说。是否立足于构成要件行为是法益侵害紧迫危险性的刑法定型,决定了形式客观说和实质客观说各自是否为犯罪着手认定提供了明确标准,且是否导致犯罪着手认定的过于提前或推迟,进而决定了是否背离罪刑法定原则。犯罪着手的认定标准,应抛弃脱离形式限制的实质客观说而仍坚持形式客观说,但其“开始命题”应通过“基于大数法则的类型化危险形成说”而将犯罪着手的认定标准予以实质性落实。通过“基于大数法则的类型化危险形成说”,形式客观说对结合犯、隔离犯、徐行犯和原因自由行为型犯罪的着手能够做出妥当解答。

Dogmatic Restatement of Criminal Initiation:Theory Confrontation,Proposition Reconfirmation and Concrete Solution

The formal objectivity theory does not discard the essence,so it is originally the combination theory of form and essence.Whether based on that the constitutive element be the statutory form of the urgent danger of violation of legal interests decides whether the formal objectivity theory and substantive objectivity theory respectively provide clear criteria for criminal initiation,whether the identification of criminal initiati on is too early or postponed and further decides whether the two theories deviate from the principle of legality of crime and punishment in the basic position of criminal law.The identification criterion of criminal initiation should abandon the substantive objectivity theory breaking away from the formal restriction and still adhere to the formal objectivity theory,but the“starting proposition”of the formal objectivity theory should give the identification criterion of criminal initiation substantive implementation by“categorization risk formation theory based on the law of large numbers”.The formal objectivity theory can make more appropriate answers to the initiation of joint crime,segregation crime,creeping crime and cause-free behavior crime by“categorization risk formation theory based on the law of large numbers”.