论银团贷款协议中交叉违约条款的适用与限制简

鉴于银团贷款数额大、期限长、风险高的特点,为了避免信用风险,保证贷款及时收回,采用交叉违约条款已成为银团贷款实践的惯例.交叉违约条款作为重要的保护性条款,可以保证当借款人出现财务危机或其他不利情形时,银团能够不迟于其他债权人采取救济措施,保证行动的及时性,从而最大限度地维护银团的利益.但近年来,交叉违约条款呈现被滥用的趋势,其公平性遭到众多学者的诟病.为此,应当从交叉违约条款的法律内涵和法律性质出发,分析其法律效力以及适用此条款所面临的法律风险,进而从不履行主体、违约债务性质、违约性质及违约金额等方面对交叉违约制度加以完善,限制交叉违约条款的滥用,以平衡贷款双方的合法权益.

On the Application and Limitation of Cross-default Clauses in Syndicated Loans Contract

Due to large scale, long cycle and high-risk of syndicated loans, cross-default clauses are frequently stipulated in agreements of syndicated loan for taking back loans on time and protecting banks from counter party＇s credit risk. As one of important protection clauses, cross-defauh clauses give banks rights to take protective actions no late than other creditors and protect benefits of banks maximally when the debtor has financial crises or other negative situations. However, the cross-defauh clauses tend to be abused in recent years and many scholars hold that it violates fairness. Therefore, this article will fully discuss the definition, legal basis, legal effect and application scope of the cross-defauh clauses, then give constructive suggestions to limit misuse of cross-defauh clauses in terms of default subject, nature and amount of the debt for balancing benefits between creditors and debtors.