A multilevel,multiphase framework for viewing technological innovation

Problems of research in technological innovation are often based on limited perspectives, e.g., studies with only a macro or micro focus. This paper discusses the limitations of such approaches, and then develops a multilevel, multiphase framework for such research by utilizing five hierarchical levels: Government, industry, organization, subunit and individual. Using this hierarchical framework the nature of the innovation process is explored under various contextual conditions. The management problems of interlevel integration and goal conflict are given special consideration.