论刑事法上的“选择确定”

选择确定与罪疑唯轻、法条竞合、无罪推定有着本质的区别,选择确定的适用前提是罪名间具有法定的择一关系.选择确定规则的功能有两项:一是使裁判者在遵守罪刑法定的前提下根据刑法规范对犯罪事实进行充分评价;二是贯彻刑法保障刑事被告正当权益的功能.如果罪名间不具有犯罪阶层的包容关系,且当罪名间具有"法伦理上和心理上的可比较性"及"不法核心的同一性"时,裁判者有权根据选择确定理论作出有罪判决.选择确定规则在刑事程序法也具有重要意义,如果犯罪行为涉及罪名的构成要件间属选择确定关系,应当允许公诉方进行选择起诉.

On the Selective Determination in Criminal Law

Essentially different from the principles of lighter punishment of doubtful crime,concurrence of rules and innocence presumption,the selective determination should be applied on the precondition of statutory alternative relation between the crimes.The rule of selective determination has two functions: one makes the judicator sufficiently estimate the criminal facts according to the criminal norm on the precondition of innocence presumption;the other implements the role of the criminal law to guarantee legitimate rights and interests of the accused.Where the crimes have not inclusive interclass relations,while have "mental and legal ethical comparability" and "illegal core identity",the judicator is competent to sentence criminality in accordance with the theory of selective determination.This rule has also significance in criminal procedure law that where there is selective relation among the constitutive elements of the involved crime,the procuratorate should have the right of selective prosecution.