略论《民法总则》中自然物权与法律物权之并立

我国《民法总则》诉讼时效也适用于未经登记的动产的返还请求权,时效期间届满经提出抗辩后,存在原返还义务人自愿履行的情况,而此时自然债并不适宜用来概括此种情形,由此有提出自然物权的必要。自然物权与自然债一并构成民法上特殊的自然权利义务关系。对自然物权不应赋予更多的法律效力,自然物权状态下围绕该物应存在相应的法律物权,二者处于并立关系,但并不违背"一物一权"法理。自然物权弥补了理论不足,体现公平与效率之间的张力,在民事关系的调整中实现了道德与法律作用的完美融合,彰显了民法治理社会关系的多样性。

Coexistence of Natural Real Right and Legal Real Right in the General Provisions of Civil Law of China

The limitation of action in the General Provisions of Civil Law of China also applies to the right of claim for the return of unregistered movable property. The obligor may voluntarily return the object to the original owner after the expiration of the limitation period. The natural obligation is not suitable to summarize this situation, so it is necessary to put forward natural real right upon which shall not put much legal effect. Under the state of natural real right, there should be corresponding legal real right around the object, and the two are in a concurrent relationship and do not violate the legal principle of"one thing, one right". Natural Real Right makes up the insufficient theory, reflects the tension between fairness and efficiency, realizes the perfect integration of moral and legal functions in civil relation adjustment, and shows the diversity of legal adjustment of social relations.