在网络空间中持有宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义物品行为的司法认定——基于对16份裁判文书的分析

非法持有宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义物品罪是我国刑法规定的罪名之一,根据16个该罪判决样本的分析结果,在司法实践中如何认定非法持有、情节严重程度等问题上尚有诸多问题。非法持有罪的认定应当以其三个性质为基础并要求行为人主观具有宣扬、煽动等目的,尤其应当注意法院对非法持有物品的独立审查地位及网络空间中本罪与宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义罪的区别。认定情节严重的标准应当更加细化具体如对电子数据应当重点审查实质内容即字符数、时长,“多次持有”可以“两年内持有三次以上”作为认定标准等。设立本罪是为了预防,而持有本身并不侵害法益,因此司法机关应当注意平衡公民自由与刑法保障社会安全的关系,避免对本罪过度反应。

Judicial Identification of the crime of illegally holding items promoting terrorism and extremism in cyberspace based on analysis of 16 judgment documents

The crime of illegally holding items promoting terrorism and extremism is one of the crimes stipulated in China's criminal law.But it is found that there are still many problems in judicial practice on how to identify illegal possession and the seriousness of the circumstances according to the analysis of 16 judgment samples of this crime.The determination of illegal possession should be based on its three properties and the actor’s subjective purpose of propaganda and incitement.In particular,attention should be paid to the review independence of the court and the difference between this crime and the crime of propagating terrorism and extremism in cyberspace.The criteria for determining serious circumstances should be more detailed.For example,the substantive content of electronic data including the number of characters and the length of time should be examined,adopting the expression of carrying more than three times in two years rather than holding more than once as the recognition standard.This crime is set up for prevention,and holding itself does not infringe legal interests.Therefore,the judicial organs should pay attention to balancing the relationship between civil liberties and the protection of social security by criminal law,and avoid overreacting to this crime.