发展中国家农村饮用水设施供给制度经验研究——以印度农村社区管理为例

国际饮水供给与卫生十年活动标志着农村供水制度的变革，即由传统的政府供给驱动模式向农村社区需求响应模式转变。农村社区管理制度是在政府、捐赠机构和专家帮助社区建设饮用水设施之后，社区单独负责管理这个系统，承担运营与维护供水系统的全部管理任务。印度北方邦“Swajal”供水工程是发展中国家农村饮用水制度成功变革的代表，以三层制度设计激励农村社区成为供水主体，其中，宪法秩序是印度一场国家分权制度试验，治理结构采取三方合约相互制衡模式，操作规则是从社区需求出发切实减轻农民经济负担。

Rural Water Supply Institution in Developing Countries and India's Rural Community Management

The transformation of rural water supply institution begins with the decade of international water supply and sanitation,which transfers from a supply-driven model of government to a demand-responding model of rural community.Rural community management means that the community itself is responsible for its operation and maintenance after the government,donators and experts help construct the infrastructure.The Swajal project in India is the successful representation of developing economies that have experie...