美国对台湾军事干涉政策的形成:杜鲁门政府的战略认知及其影响(1948—1950)

台湾问题之所以自1948年开始成为杜鲁门政府密切关注的国家安全问题,一个为已有研究所忽略的重要因素是,美国军方认为台湾的去向会对美国此时开始制定的未来美苏大战计划产生重大影响。但美国军方在评估台湾的战略价值时存在极大的认知问题,导致其一直不能清晰回答美国是否有必要从战略角度出发对台湾进行直接军事干涉这一重要问题,从而令杜鲁门政府的立场一直摇摆不定。朝鲜战争爆发后,杜鲁门政府出于对美苏大战即将爆发的恐惧而作出了派驻第七舰队进入台湾海峡的决定,但这一直接军事干涉行动因为缺乏合理性和合法性而引发巨大的国际争议,并成为威胁亚太安全的真正根源。

The Formation of America’s Policy of Military Intervention in Taiwan:The Truman Government’s Strategy and Its Influence(1948—1950)

Beginning in 1948,the Taiwan Question was an important security issue facing the Truman administration.But most research ignores the fact that the American military thought that Taiwan’s future would have a great impact on American formulation of its plans for a forthcoming war with the Soviet Union.However,there was a serious problem in the evaluation of the American military of Taiwan’s strategic value,as a result of which it was unclear whether it would be necessary from a strategic perspective for America to intervene militarily,thus the American position began to waver.After the Korean War,based on fears that war with the Soviets was about to erupt,the Truman government decided to send the Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait.Because there was no rationale for this move and because it lacked legality,the military action resulted in a serious international conflict and became a real threat to security in the Asia-Pacific region.