公民司法救济权的入宪问题之研究

司法救济权是宪法上的一项基本人权,其行使与保障首先需要由宪法做出安排。司法救济权与诉权在制度化的发展轨迹上有着明显的不同,司法救济权的入宪,绝不意味着是对诉权的简单重复。我国宪法并无关于司法救济权的直接规定,这种状况不仅淡化了宪法在保护公民司法救济权方面的功能,割裂了宪法与部门法之间在权利保护上的联系,也使得司法救济权这样一项基本人权被淹没在非基本权利之中而为人们所忽视甚至否定。基于司法救济权本身所固有的特定的宪法含义,只有将其纳入公民宪法权利的体系范畴之内,才能给予强有力的法律保障,也才能给各项具体诉讼法律制度的设计和运作提供最高依据和准则。

A Study on the Constitutionalizing of Citizen's Right to Seek Judicial Protection

Remedial jurisdiction, as basic human rights in constitution, is a kind of citizen's rights guaranteed by the state in public law. It is principal for citizen to exercise and safeguard the right according to constitution firstly. Remedial jurisdiction is markedly different from right of prosecution in institutionalized development history. Regulation of remedial jurisdiction in constitution never means simple repetition of right of prosecution. Nowadays China's Constitution has not direct regulation relating to remedial jurisdiction. Only if it is put into the system of citizen's constitutional rights, can remedial jurisdiction be strongly guaranteed in law, and provide the highest basis and doctrine for design and operation of various detailed lawsuit system according to the right itself possesses special connotation in constitution.