易地扶贫搬迁政策执行偏差与移民理性选择——基于陕南地区的考察

易地扶贫搬迁是我国脱贫攻坚事业中的重要举措。通过对陕南易地扶贫搬迁社区的实地调查和文献研究发现,在具体的政策实践过程中,由于地方政府采取简单化、照搬式、观望式、象征性的政策执行策略,使得政策结果与目标之间产生了一定程度的偏离。政策执行偏差导致搬迁过程中难以全面保障移民利益,因此,移民在接受政策安排时会出于自身的考虑做出理性选择,以平衡家庭生活。政策的执行偏差与移民的理性选择之间具有密切联系,政策执行偏差是移民理性选择的诱因,而移民的理性选择则会催化政策执行的偏差,两者相互作用、相互影响。

Policy Implementation Deviation of Relocation for Poverty Alleviation and Rational Choice of Immigrants:Based on the Investigation in Southern Shaanxi

Relocation for poverty alleviation is the important measure in poverty alleviation in China.Based on the field survey and literature study of the relocated communities in southern Shaanxi,it is found that as the local government adopts the simplification,copy type,wait-and-see type and symbolic policy implementation strategies,there is a certain degree of deviation between the policy results and objectives in the specific policy practice process.The deviation of policy implementation makes it difficult to fully protect the interests of immigrants during the relocation process.Therefore,when accepting policy arrangements,immigrants will make rational choices based on their own considerations to balance family life.There is a close relationship between the deviation of policy implementation and the rational choice of immigrants.The deviation of policy implementation is the inducement of immigrants’rational choice,while the rational choice of immigrants will catalyze the deviation of policy implementation.The two interact and influence each other.