一起毒鼠强食物中毒的调查分析及其实验室筛查探索

目的　探讨原因不明性食物中毒的检查策略。　方法　结合一起发生的原因不明性食物中毒案例 ,应用流行病学和简易急性动物试验等方法 ,对导致中毒的致病因素进行分析与判定。　结果　中毒案例的暴露时间为早餐时 ,平均潜伏期为 4 7.84分。中毒反应以神经症状和消化道症状为主。依病例的客观特征分层对其食谱分析 ,筛选出水煮豆腐是本次中毒的可疑食物。 7种剩余食物进行的急性动物试验中发现 ,水煮豆腐的小白鼠灌注量与中毒反应呈剂量反应关系 ,半数致死剂量为LD5 0 =1.68mg/ g。气相色谱 - -质谱仪分析确定水煮豆腐中的毒性性质为四次甲基二砜四胺。　结论　本案通过采用症状分析、急性动物实验和毒物分析测定方法确定了一起原因不明性食物中毒的中毒原因。这种检查策略有助于原因不明性食物中毒及其它突发中毒事件的性质判定。

Investigation and laboratory screen on dietary poisoning of Tetramine

Objective To explore the investigation strategy for unknown dietary poisoning. Methods Combining an unknown dietary poisoning with 27 patients, epidemic and acute toxicological experiment in animals were carried out on 7 sorts of the suspect foods. Results The exposure time of toxication case was breakfast, the average incubation period poisoning was 47.84 Minutes. Never and digestive tract symptoms have been became main toxication reaction. According to patient's clinic features and menu, the water-boiling bean-curd was considered as suspected toxin. In acute rats study, toxication reactions were paralleled with the dose of perfusion; the LD50 of suspect toxin was 1.68mg/g. By GC/MC analysis, the suspect toxin was defined as Tetramine. Conclusion The toxin of unknown dietary poisoning was successfully determined by case-control studies, acute animal experiment and toxicological analysis. This investigation strategy could be effectively used in unknown foods poisoning and sudden toxic accidents.