审美在区分与无区分之间:来自康德美学思想的启示

康德的主体化美学,强调了审美判断的主观性和非功利性,这是西方近现代审美自律思想的重要来源,也是西方"审美区分"思想的基础。但康德另一方面也认为,审美判断本身不等同于认识与意志、理性与知性,但兼备认识和意志、知性与理性的性质,这就意味着审美判断本身就具备那些认识与意志、理性与知性等非审美因素,康德在这里强调了审美判断的非纯粹性与功利性,这是康德审美判断的矛盾处。应该重视康德审美判断的纯粹性与非纯粹性之间、非功利性与功利之间以及审美区分与审美无区分之间的悖论状态中所形成的艺术理解张力,艺术真理的生成和被揭示就产生在这种张力中。

Some Kind of Inspirations From Kant＇s Aesthetic Thought：Aesthetic Judgment Posses The Aatures of Aesthetic Distinction and Aesthetic Non-distinction

As to the reasonableness of the thought of＂aesthetic distinction＂,Kant＇s aesthetic thought give us some inspirations：while repeatedly stressing the utility of art,also affirmed the metaphysical nature of art and stressed its transcendence.Kant＇s aesthetic thought also had its inherent contradictions,he deemed that although the aesthetic judgment cant not be equal to the understanding,the will,reason and intellect,but it also posses their natures.Gadamor＇s thought of＂aesthetic non-distinction＂is that it provides a direction to handling the problems of art such as＂what is art＂and＂what is art for＂.In handling these above two problems,both ideas of＂aesthetic distinction＂and＂aesthetic non-distinction＂have their reasonableness and shortcomings.Between heteronomy and autonomy of art,between the aesthetic appreciation of art and its cultural nature,between distinction and non-distinction of aesthetic appreciation,we must pay much attention to the tension of artistic understanding formed in the contradiction between the above opposite factors,as the generation and revelation of artistic truth is done within this tension.