因输血感染所致损害的法律救济探析

在因输血使患者感染疾病的场合,如果血液提供者存在过错,由于过错责任原则的存在,患者可获得的法律救济较为简单。如果血液提供方没有过错,患者会求助于货物销售、默示担保、产品责任法律制度,诉讼前景不容乐观。货物与服务的二分法排除了在医疗输血领域货物销售法律制度的适用。血液提供的必要性、不可替代性和风险的不可避免性否定了默示担保和严格责任的适用余地。要获得产品责任制度的益处,患者要跨过"产品"、"缺陷"、"发展抗辩"三道关口,结果可想而知。

Legal Remedies to Infection Caused by Blood Transfusion

For infection caused by blood transfusion, if the blood provider has fault, due to the existence of fault liability, the legal remedy for the patients is relatively simple. However, if the blood provider has no fault, the patient will pursue remedies provided by sale of goods, implied warranties and product liability. But it is not easy job. The division between goods and service excludes application of the sale of goods legislation in blood transfusion area. The necessity and uniqueness of blood and unavoidability of risk seems to leave no room for the implied warranties and strict liability to apply. The definitions of "product", "defect" and "development risks" will also make the application of product liability difficult.