法治框架下德国地方治理：权力、责任与财政——以德国莱茵-法尔茨州A县为例的分析

力图在实地调研的基础上,参考德国相关的法律、法规和政策,以公共品供给为线索,描述德国乡村公共品供给的决策、实施与监督的全过程,着力分析公共品供给过程中的权力分配、责任结构和融资途径,以及公共品供给过程中的监督。认为,影响德国乡村公共品供给的因素主要是明确规定不同层级政府权力、责任的法律体系,乡村治理的结构,以及政府间的财政关系。其明显的特点可以归纳为:法治化、辅助性、市场化、公共利益取向、财政主导的融资渠道、健全的监督体制,以及良好的政府间关系。中国地方治理的转型则应该更多地从制度规定、公共财政体制和转移支付制度的建立、地方自主性的发挥、普遍的参与,以及有效的监督等几个方面来思考。

German Local Governance from the Perspective of the Rule of Law: Power, Responsibility and Finance --The Analysis of City A in Rheinland-Pfalz

The main topic of this paper is the structure of power, finance and responsibility in the provision of public goods in German local governments. This case studying and the laws reveal that different levels of governments take different responsibility, meanwhile, administrations, parties, NGOs and citizens play different roles. Furthermore, it shows the condition of local government finance, structure of financing, and the process of election and citizen participation. The obvious characteristics of German local administration are institutionalization, subsidiarity, marketization, public interest orientation and good relation between different levels of administrations. It is obvious that these characteristics of Germany local governance will be helpful to China local governance, though they have different cultures, histories and political systems. As for China local governance, it is very important to develop a set of systematic laws on different levels of governments' responsibility, establish the system of public finance, and promote the citizens' participation.