Perceived Parental Monitoring,Adolescent Disclosure,and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Examination |
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Authors: | Chloe A Hamza Teena Willoughby |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON, L3S 3A1, Canada |
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Abstract: | Parental monitoring has long been stressed as an important parenting practice in reducing adolescents’ susceptibility to depressive
symptoms. Reviews have revealed, however, that measures of monitoring have been confounded with parental knowledge, and that
the role of adolescent disclosure has been neglected. In the present study, adolescents (N = 2,941; 51.3% female) were surveyed each year from grades 9–12. To disentangle parenting factors, bidirectional associations
among parental knowledge, adolescent disclosure, and parental monitoring (i.e., solicitation and control) were examined. Higher
parental knowledge was associated with lower adolescent depressive symptoms over time. Adolescent disclosure and parental
control also predicted lower adolescent depressive symptoms indirectly through knowledge. Conversely, higher adolescent depressive
symptoms predicted lower parental knowledge, adolescent disclosure, and parental solicitation over time, highlighting the
bidirectional nature of associations among parenting factors and adolescent depressive symptoms. Importantly, these effects
were invariant across gender and grade, suggesting that interventions can be broadly based. |
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Keywords: | |
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