关于匿名诉讼的立法思考——拷问实名诉讼的缺憾

不论英美法系国家和地区的民事诉讼规则,还是大陆法系国家和地区的民事诉讼法,都规定当事人以实名的方式进行诉讼。不过,崇尚实践理性的英美法系国家的法官,基于案件的实际情况有时许可当事人以匿名的方式进行诉讼。我国现行《民事诉讼法》有关起诉条件中应记明当事人姓名的规定已不能适应实践的需要。民事诉讼法应该规定当事人具有匿名诉讼的权利,法院应该按照一定的程序规则,在当事人匿名和公开其姓名之间权衡利弊以决定是否同意当事人的匿名诉讼申请。

Legislation over Pseudonymous Litigation: Defects of" Real Nam Litigation"

Civil litigation rules in both common law and civil law countries tend to hold that a petition is filed in the real name of the party.However,in some instances the judge in the common law county,though characterized in advocating rationale,may admit pseudonymous litigation to satisfy the specific requirement of the case.The provision in China’s Civil Procedural Act requiring rigidly "real name litigation" seems out of date now and to the Act the provision concerning the right of the parties to file a pseudonymous litigation should be added.The court should exercise its discretion to weigh the interests of litigants to determine whether to give leave to a pseudonymous action.