农村新型社区建设中存在的问题和解决思路——以四川成都和山东济宁为例

我国城镇化进程的加快,农村城市化、农业产业化快速发展的趋势,对乡村治理和公共服务的提供提出了挑战。2009年农村新型社区建设的提出正是作为推动这一发展的主要途径。目前,农村新型社区建设尚处于试验示范阶段,在各地社区建设中,不可避免会遇到如何处理新型社区与村民自治、双层经营体制之间关系的两大问题,成都和济宁的探索提供了可借鉴的经验,但改革仍面临体制困境和自组织程度低的问题。而此次乡村社会的变革能否全面顺利推进,还需要国家在法律层面对农村新型社区进行清晰定位,理清它与农村原有基本制度的关系,以切实保障村民权利。

Problems in Building New-Type Rural Communities and Their Solutions:Based on Cases from Chengdu,Sichuan Province and Jining,Shandong Province

The acceleration of urbanization in our country and the trend of rapid development of village urbanization and agriculture industrialization pose challenges for governance and public service provision in rural areas.Building new-type rural communities was introduced in 2009 exactly as a primary approach to promote such development.At present,building new-type rural communities is still in the stage of experiment and demonstration.Two major problems inevitably occur in community building across the country: how to handle the relationship between the new-type communities and villager self-governance,and how to handle the relationship between the new-type communities and the two-tier management system.Although the experiments in Chengdu and Jining provide beneficial experience,the reform still faces problems of system predicaments and low degree of self-organization.Whether or not the current change of rural society can develop comprehensively and smoothly still depends on the state to clearly define the status of the new-type rural communities and clarify their relationship with the existing basic systems in villages in order to solidly protect the villagers’ rights.