辩护人伪造证据、妨害作证罪的三个问题——以李庄案为例

李庄案不但涉及辩护人伪造证据、妨害作证罪的司法认定，而且还涉及一系列基础的犯罪论问题。李庄“利用会见龚刚模之机，向龚刚模宣读同案人供述，教唆龚刚模编造被公安机关刑讯逼供的供述”的行为，不能毫无例外地简单地认定为辩护人帮助伪造证据的行为；同时，不能将一般的“引诱”证人违背事实改变证言或者作伪证的行为认定为犯罪，而应明确限制为“以暴力、威胁、贿买等方法”指使证人违背事实改变证言或者作伪证的行为才能构成犯罪。辩护人伪造证据、妨害作证罪同时兼备行为犯与结果犯的双重特征，以辩护人伪造证据、妨害作证罪是结果犯，作为李庄无罪辩护的实体法理论依据本身缺乏充分的刑法规范依据和刑法理论支撑。我国应采取明确限缩犯罪成立最低规格的立法政策和立法技术，重新构建中国犯罪构成理论体系，在中国犯罪构成论体系内将标准的犯罪构成、修正的犯罪构成与犯罪成立最低规格标准等犯罪论关系范畴进行周延的逻辑梳理，实现中国犯罪构成论体系的逻辑自洽。

Three Issues on the Crime of the Defender's Falsifying Evidence and Obstructing Testify--Case Study on Li Zhuang

Besides judging on the defender's falsifying evidence and obstructing to testify,Li Zhuang case involves a range of fundamental theories on crime.Li Zhuang,seized the chance of meeting with Gong Gang Mo to read out a co-perpetrator's confession for him and abetted him to fabricate the confession of being tortured by the public security department.Such conduct cannot be simply identified as the defender's helping falsify evidence without any exception;besides,simply inducing a witness to change testimony co...