中国民法典总则与分则之间的统辖遵从关系

我国即将通过的民法典包括一千二百多个条文,采取总则与分则相区分的立法模式。这种立法模式是立法体系化和科学化的结果,具有既节约立法成本又方便学习贯彻的优势。从民法发展历史来看,我国民法典编纂采取这种体例模式有其必要性和科学性。在总则与分则相区分的体例下,我国民法典总则编集中体现了立法者的指导思想,规定了民法基本原则和一般规则,充分贯彻了民法基本科学原理,对全部分则的规定具有统辖作用。解决民法典庞大的规范和制度群之间的体系逻辑问题,指出总则与分则之间分工合作、统辖遵从的逻辑关系,提出以总则编作为民法典整体的思想基础、规则效力基础、法理解读科学性基础,是理解民法典体系的关键,亦有助于澄清在我国民法典编纂“两步走”规划的特殊背景下,民法典分则一些编章编纂过程中出现的轻视甚至脱离民法典总则编规则的法理混乱。

The Dominance-subordination Relationship between General Provisions and Specific Provisions of the Chinese Civil Code

The upcoming Chinese Civil Code contains over 1,200 articles and adopts a legislative mode that distinguishes between general provisions and specific provisions.This legislative mode is the result of systematization and scientization of legislation and has the advantages of saving legislative costs and being easy to be studied and implemented.From the perspective of the historical development of civil law,this mode of civil law codification is necessary and scientific.Under this mode,the general provisions of the Civil Code embody in a concentrated way the legislature’s guiding ideology,provide for the basic principles and general rules of the civil law,fully implement the basic scientific principles of the civil law,and exercise control over all the specific provisions.Solving the problem of systematic logic among enormous groups of norms and institutions in the Civil Code,pointing out the work-cooperation and domination-subordination logic relationships between general provisions and specific provisions,and putting forward the principle of taking the general provisions as the ideological basis,the basis of the validity of the rules,and the basis of the scientificity of the jurisprudential understanding of the entire Civil Code,are the keys to understanding the Chinese Civil Code system and conducive to rectifying the jurisprudential tendency of neglecting,or even breaking away from the rules of the general provisions in the compilation of some parts and chapters of specific provisions against the special background of implementing the“two-step”plan of codification of the Civil Code in China.