自诉制度设立上的困境与出路

自诉制度实际上是我国刑事诉讼法对公民起诉权的有限制的保留,但是自诉制度运行时,存在实际运行情况与设立目的之间存在巨大反差、自诉人主张权利的行为的基础产生了深刻的变化、自诉制度证明标准的设置与自诉人取证能力的相对削弱、自诉制度在实际的司法层面上成为分担国家负担的方式的问题。因此,自诉制度的存在与价值受到了质疑。但是,立足于刑事诉讼法的目的、权利的制约与主张、刑事诉讼行使方式的正当性的要求,应当保留自诉制度,同时,为了推动自诉制度的良好运行,应当对自诉制度进行改良。改良的措施为:放宽自诉案件的起诉条件,设立自诉制度运行中的国家帮助机制,设立自诉制度取证的私立机构帮助机制,充分发挥检察监督的作用。

Dilemma and Solutions of the Establishment of Private Prosecution System

In fact,private prosecution system is a limited retention in China's Criminal Procedure Law to civil prosecuting right.But in the operation of private prosecution system,there exist the vast difference between actual operation situation and establishing objective,the profound changes in the behavior foundation of a private prosecutor's advocating rights,the comparative weakening of the private prosecution system's proof standard settings and the private prosecutor's capability of obtaining evidence,and the problems which happened when the private prosecution system becoming the way of sharing national burden in actual judicature layer.So there are doubts about the value and existence of the private prosecution system.However,for the aim of the Criminal Procedure Law,the restriction and advocates of rights,the sound requirement of the operating way of criminal procedure and the private prosecution system should be preserved and improved in order to promote the good operation of the private prosecution system.The improving methods include widening the actionable condition of private prosecution cases,establishing the national helping mechanism in the operation of the private prosecution system,establishing the private helping mechanism for the private prosecution system obtaining evidence and fully exerting the founction of prosecutorial supervision.