WTO协定下美国贸易权利论——以美国对中国实施“双轨制反补贴措施”为视角

美国一方面对中国适用反补贴税法，另一方面通过WTO争端解决机制控告中国的禁止性补贴措施之做法，说明美国正在积极行使WTO协定下的贸易权利。应当从美国联邦宪法与国际法之双重视角把握贸易权利之性质并将其分成实体性市场准入权利与程序性贸易救济权利两大类，唯此才能理解美国对中国实施“双轨制反补贴措施”之实质。对美国正在推行的以贸易权利为导向的对华贸易政策，中国必须用自己的贸易救济权利加以对抗。

The U. S Trade Rights under WTO Agreements

he U.S are applying its Countervailing Duty Law to China on one hand and suing against China's prohibited subsidy measures under the Dispute Settlement Mechanism of WTO on the other hand,which demonstrates that the U.S are exercising trade rights under WTO agreements.The nature of trade rights should be understood from the two perspectives of U.S Constitution and U.S International Law;meanwhile those rights should be divided into two categories,respectively,the substantive market access rights and procedural trade remedy rights.Only in this way,can we understand the on-going two-track anti-subsidy measures conducted by the U.S.China should use its own trade remedy rights as countermeasures against U.S trade rights-oriented trade policy towards China.