案卷排他与看得见的程序作用

案卷排他原则,是指行政主体作出行政行为只能以案卷为根据,不能在案卷以外,以当事人所未知悉和未论证的事实为根据。不能把案卷排他原则等同于听证笔录排他原则。案卷排他由最初的单方证据加偏见的排他发展到单方证据排他;由正式程序裁决发展到非正式程序裁决;由英美法系发展到大陆法系。其普适性在于它使程序的作用得以显现,从而保障程序中认定的事实因素与法律因素为作出行政行为的惟一依据,从而使程序的功能和价值得以实现。

On the File Exclusive Principle and the Tangible Procedure Function

File exclusive principle means that administrative subject should make administrative acts according to file solely, rather than to the facts that are unproved or unknown to the counterparty. And the file exclusive principle is not equal to hearing & notes exclusive principle. In addition, file exclusive develops from the original unilateral proof plus prejudice to the unilateral proof exclusion, from the formal procedural decision to the informal procedural decision, from the British & American legal system to the Continental legal system. The universal applicability of file exclusive principle lies in that it makes the role of procedure visible to ensure the fact elements and legal elements evidenced in the procedure as the sole foundation for decision-making, to ensure the function and value of procedure be realized.