日本单一窗口的构建及其制度性启示

日本单一窗口构建属于"单一系统"模式的成功典范。自1978年启动第一个电子通关系统——空运NACCS系统开始,通过30年的努力,分三个阶段实现了以海关NACCS系统为核心系统的单一窗口。在其构建过程中,NACCS的核心系统功能,领导机构与运营主体以及立法先行、动态修订的单一窗口法律保障是其成功的关键所在。因此,分析日本单一窗口的构建进程可以发现,解决单一窗口的瓶颈与障碍不在于电子技术,而在于制度构建与机构整合。强有力的单一授权领导机关,单一窗口制度构建的思维转换,制度改革与机构整合的法律化,这三项内容是单一窗口得以顺畅有效运作的重要支柱。

Japan’s Constructing of Single Window and its System Revelation

The construction of Japan’s single window is one of the typical successful examples of "single system" models.Japan has achieved the single window based on the core of Customs NACCS System after three-decade efforts,since the starting of the first computerized customs system-Customs NACCS System in 1978,which includes three periods.In the course of construction,the functions of NACCS core system,the lead agency and operating subjects of the single window suitable for national conditions as well as the legal protection of the single window where the legislation goes first,and amend dynamically are the key.Therefore,by analyzing the process of the single window,we can find that the bottleneck and obstacles to solve the single window lies in system construction and institution integration,not in electronic technology.The three contents such as strong and single authorized leadership,paradigm shift of the construction of the single window system and the legalization of system reform and institutional integration,are the important pillars of making the single window operate well.